The 80 series were the trains for the first long-distance operations. However, the portion of the motor was a still the old form. JNR planned to manufacture a newer train, was turned out to be the common train of 101 series. In 1957, JNR adopted a full-scale cardan jointed drive as the design of these vehicles. These vehicles were used for commutation transportation of the increasingly big cities. However, the greatest feature of these 101 series was a motor which could be used for long-distance trains, if the ratio of the gear is changed. JNR planned on designing all the vehicles to carry a motor. It was based on the peculiar situation of the railroad of Japan. The distance between the stations are very short. Therefore, the train must always carry out intense acceleration and slowing down. This was more so in the big cities where the trains are overcrowded. Therefore, JNR carried many motors in the 101 series. However, an ironical situation occurred in which the electric power became insufficient. A large amount of expense is required for reinforcement of power equipment and it had a problem with economical rationality. Therefore, the 101 series were operated with reduced motor power. However, this innovative design continued to be a success of the next train.
The 101 series were used in Tokyo and Osaka, etc. for the development of the economy of Japan.
These 101 series had a historical role as the mother's body of the next new Electric Multiple-Unit.
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